This guide is intended to provide you with simple instructions on how to install Nagios from source (code) on Ubuntu and have it monitoring your local machine inside of 20 minutes. No advanced installation options are discussed here - just the basics that will work for 95% of users who want to get started.
These instructions were written based on an Ubuntu 6.10 (desktop) installation. They should work for an Ubuntu 7.10 install as well.
What You'll End Up With
If you follow these instructions, here's what you'll end up with:
Nagios and the plugins will be installed underneath /usr/local/nagios
Nagios will be configured to monitor a few aspects of your local system (CPU load, disk usage, etc.)
The Nagios web interface will be accessible at http://localhost/nagios/
Required Packages
Make sure you've installed the following packages on your Ubuntu installation before continuing.
Apache 2
PHP
GCC compiler and development libraries
GD development libraries
You can use apt-get to install these packages by running the following commands:
sudo apt-get install apache2
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-php5
sudo apt-get install build-essential
With Ubuntu 6.10, install the gd2 library with this command:
Installing net-snmp:
cd ~/downloads
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-snmp/files/net-snmp/5.6.1/net-snmp-5.6.1.tar.gz
tar xzf net-snmp-5.6.1.tar.gz
cd net-snmp-5.6.1
./configure
make
make install
Extract the Nagios plugins source code tarball.
With Ubuntu 6.10, install the gd2 library with this command:
sudo apt-get install libgd2-dev
With Ubuntu 7.10, the gd2 library name has changed, so you'll need to use the following:
With Ubuntu 7.10, the gd2 library name has changed, so you'll need to use the following:
sudo apt-get install libgd2-xpm-dev
1) Create Account Information
Become the root user.
1) Create Account Information
Become the root user.
sudo -s
Create a new nagios user account and give it a password.
Create a new nagios user account and give it a password.
/usr/sbin/useradd -m -s /bin/bash nagios passwd nagios
On older Ubuntu server editions (6.01 and earlier), you will need to also add a nagios group (it's not created by default). You should be able to skip this step on desktop, or newer server editions of Ubuntu.
On older Ubuntu server editions (6.01 and earlier), you will need to also add a nagios group (it's not created by default). You should be able to skip this step on desktop, or newer server editions of Ubuntu.
/usr/sbin/groupadd nagios
/usr/sbin/usermod -G nagios nagios
Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.
Create a new nagcmd group for allowing external commands to be submitted through the web interface. Add both the nagios user and the apache user to the group.
/usr/sbin/groupadd nagcmd
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd nagios
/usr/sbin/usermod -a -G nagcmd www-data
2) Download Nagios and the Plugins
Create a directory for storing the downloads.
2) Download Nagios and the Plugins
Create a directory for storing the downloads.
mkdir ~/downloads
cd ~/downloads
Download the source code tarballs of both Nagios and the Nagios plugins (visit http://www.nagios.org/download/ for links to the latest versions). These directions were tested with Nagios 3.1.1 and Nagios Plugins 1.4.11.
Download the source code tarballs of both Nagios and the Nagios plugins (visit http://www.nagios.org/download/ for links to the latest versions). These directions were tested with Nagios 3.1.1 and Nagios Plugins 1.4.11.
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagios/nagios-3.2.3.tar.gz
wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/nagiosplug/nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
3) Compile and Install Nagios
Extract the Nagios source code tarball.
3) Compile and Install Nagios
Extract the Nagios source code tarball.
cd ~/downloads
tar xzf nagios-3.2.3.tar.gz
cd nagios-3.2.3
Run the Nagios configure script, passing the name of the group you created earlier like so:
Run the Nagios configure script, passing the name of the group you created earlier like so:
./configure --with-command-group=nagcmd
Compile the Nagios source code.
Compile the Nagios source code.
make all
Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.
Install binaries, init script, sample config files and set permissions on the external command directory.
make install
make install-init
make install-config
make install-commandmode
Don't start Nagios yet - there's still more that needs to be done...
4) Customize Configuration
Sample configuration files have now been installed in the /usr/local/nagios/etc directory. These sample files should work fine for getting started with Nagios. You'll need to make just one change before you proceed...
Edit the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg config file with your favorite editor and change the email address associated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to the address you'd like to use for receiving alerts.
Don't start Nagios yet - there's still more that needs to be done...
4) Customize Configuration
Sample configuration files have now been installed in the /usr/local/nagios/etc directory. These sample files should work fine for getting started with Nagios. You'll need to make just one change before you proceed...
Edit the /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg config file with your favorite editor and change the email address associated with the nagiosadmin contact definition to the address you'd like to use for receiving alerts.
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/contacts.cfg
define contact{
contact_name edge ; Short name of user
use generic-contact ; Inherit default values from generic-contact template (defined above)
alias EDGE ; Full name of user
email edge@blogspot.com ; <<***** CHANGE THIS TO YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS ******
}
define contactgroup{
contactgroup_name admins
alias Nagios Administrators
members edge
}
5) Configure the Web Interface
Install the Nagios web config file in the Apache conf.d directory.
Install the Nagios web config file in the Apache conf.d directory.
make install-webconf
Create a edge account for logging into the Nagios web interface. Remember the password you assign to this account - you'll need it later.
Create a edge account for logging into the Nagios web interface. Remember the password you assign to this account - you'll need it later.
htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users edge
Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.
Restart Apache to make the new settings take effect.
/etc/init.d/apache2 reload
Note: Consider implementing the ehanced CGI security measures described here to ensure that your web authentication credentials are not compromised.
6) Compile and Install the Nagios Plugins
To make Nagios install check_snmp, you should install net-snmp before process next stepNote: Consider implementing the ehanced CGI security measures described here to ensure that your web authentication credentials are not compromised.
6) Compile and Install the Nagios Plugins
Installing net-snmp:
cd ~/downloads
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/net-snmp/files/net-snmp/5.6.1/net-snmp-5.6.1.tar.gz
tar xzf net-snmp-5.6.1.tar.gz
cd net-snmp-5.6.1
./configure
make
make install
Extract the Nagios plugins source code tarball.
cd ~/downloads
tar xzf nagios-plugins-1.4.11.tar.gz
cd nagios-plugins-1.4.11
Compile and install the plugins.
./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios
make
make install
7) Start Nagios
Configure Nagios to automatically start when the system boots.
7) Start Nagios
Configure Nagios to automatically start when the system boots.
ln -s /etc/init.d/nagios /etc/rcS.d/S99nagios
Verify the sample Nagios configuration files.
Verify the sample Nagios configuration files.
/usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
If there are no errors, start Nagios.
If there are no errors, start Nagios.
/etc/init.d/nagios start
8) Login to the Web Interface
You should now be able to access the Nagios web interface at the URL below. You'll be prompted for the username (nagiosadmin) and password you specified earlier.
8) Login to the Web Interface
You should now be able to access the Nagios web interface at the URL below. You'll be prompted for the username (nagiosadmin) and password you specified earlier.
http://localhost/nagios/
Click on the "Service Detail" navbar link to see details of what's being monitored on your local machine. It will take a few minutes for Nagios to check all the services associated with your machine, as the checks are spread out over time.
9) Other Modifications
If you want to receive email notifications for Nagios alerts, you need to install the mailx (Postfix) package.
Click on the "Service Detail" navbar link to see details of what's being monitored on your local machine. It will take a few minutes for Nagios to check all the services associated with your machine, as the checks are spread out over time.
9) Other Modifications
If you want to receive email notifications for Nagios alerts, you need to install the mailx (Postfix) package.
sudo apt-get install mailx
sudo apt-get install postfix
You'll have to edit the Nagios email notification commands found in /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg and change any '/bin/mail' references to '/usr/bin/mail'. Once you do that you'll need to restart Nagios to make the configuration changes live.
You'll have to edit the Nagios email notification commands found in /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/commands.cfg and change any '/bin/mail' references to '/usr/bin/mail'. Once you do that you'll need to restart Nagios to make the configuration changes live.
sudo /etc/init.d/nagios restart
Configuring email notifications is outside the scope of this documentation. Refer to your system documentation, search the web, or look to the Nagios Support Portal or Nagios Community Wiki for specific instructions on configuring your Ubuntu system to send email messages to external addresses.
Configuring email notifications is outside the scope of this documentation. Refer to your system documentation, search the web, or look to the Nagios Support Portal or Nagios Community Wiki for specific instructions on configuring your Ubuntu system to send email messages to external addresses.
10) Define host and configure hostgroups
To define a hostgroup, I add this line to /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
cfg_file=/usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hostgroups.cfg
Then create file /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hostgroups.cfg and add the content as follow:
vi /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/hostgroups.cfg
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
alias Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
}
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name windows-servers;
alias Windows Servers;
}
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name cisco-devices;
alias Cisco Devices;
}
define hostgroup{
hostgroup_name printers;
alias Printers;
}
Then you have to define the host template to be a member of these groups in /usr/local/nagios/etc/objects/templates.cfg file:
define host{
name linux-server ; The name of this host template
use generic-host ; This template inherits other values from the generic-host template
check_period 24x7 ; By default, Linux hosts are checked round the clock
check_interval 5 ; Actively check the host every 5 minutes
retry_interval 1 ; Schedule host check retries at 1 minute intervals
max_check_attempts 10 ; Check each Linux host 10 times (max)
check_command check-host-alive ; Default command to check Linux hosts
notification_period workhours ; Linux admins hate to be woken up, so we only notify during the day
; Note that the notification_period variable is being overridden from
; the value that is inherited from the generic-host template!
notification_interval 120 ; Resend notifications every 2 hours
notification_options d,u,r ; Only send notifications for specific host states
contact_groups admins ; Notifications get sent to the admins by default
hostgroups linux-servers ;
register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!
}
# Cisco host definition template - This is NOT a real host, just a template!
define host{
name cisco-device ; The name of this host template
use generic-host ; This template inherits other values from the generic-host template
check_period 24x7 ; By default, Linux hosts are checked round the clock
check_interval 5 ; Actively check the host every 5 minutes
retry_interval 1 ; Schedule host check retries at 1 minute intervals
max_check_attempts 10 ; Check each Linux host 10 times (max)
check_command check-host-alive ; Default command to check Linux hosts
notification_period workhours ; Linux admins hate to be woken up, so we only notify during the day
; Note that the notification_period variable is being overridden from
; the value that is inherited from the generic-host template!
notification_interval 120 ; Resend notifications every 2 hours
notification_options d,u,r ; Only send notifications for specific host states
contact_groups admins ; Notifications get sent to the admins by default
hostgroups cisco-devices ;
register 0 ; DONT REGISTER THIS DEFINITION - ITS NOT A REAL HOST, JUST A TEMPLATE!
}
define host{
use linux-server ; Name of host template to use
; This host definition will inherit all variables that are defined
; in (or inherited by) the linux-server host template definition.
host_name localhost
alias localhost
address 127.0.0.1
}
11) Add others plugin
You have to download additional plugin from exchange.nagios.org, then install to your server.
To make the plugin work, first you have to define the command for your plugin in commands.cfg
For example, I have check_snmp_cisco_loadavg and check_snmp_cisco_memutil, I add the commands to commands.cfg as follow:
# 'check_snmp_cisco_loadavg' command definition
define command{
command_name check_snmp_cisco_loadavg
command_line $USER1$/check_snmp_cisco_loadavg -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -C $ARG1$ -w $ARG2$ -c $ARG3$
}
# 'check_snmp_cisco_memutil' command definition
define command{
command_name check_snmp_cisco_memutil
command_line $USER1$/check_snmp_cisco_memutil -H $HOSTADDRESS$ -C $ARG1$ -w $ARG2$ -c $ARG3$
}
Then define a service for a specific host as below:
define service{
use generic-service ; Inherit values from a template
host_name router
service_description CPU Load Average
check_command check_snmp_cisco_loadavg!communitystring!50!80
}
define service{
use generic-service ; Inherit values from a template
host_name router
service_description Memory Usage
check_command check_snmp_cisco_memutil!communitystring!60!80
}
Then reload Nagios:
sudo /etc/init.d/nagios reload
http://nagiosgraph.svn.sourceforge.net/viewvc/nagiosgraph/trunk/nagiosgraph/INSTALL
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